The BDD Books – Formulation
The BDD Books – Formulation
Document examples with Given/When/Then
About the Book
The book is also available in print on Amazon through http://bddbooks.com.
Written by the creator of SpecFlow and the author of The Cucumber for Java Book, this book gives the reader the inside information on how to effectively formulate concrete examples (generated during the discovery phase) as business-readable, Gherkin scenarios - the industry leading Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) specification syntax. This practical guide explores the practices and principles for writing better scenarios (using Given/When/Then), by following a team as they create living documentation for a product that they are enhancing.
This book is written for everyone involved in the specification and delivery of software (including product owners, business analysts, developers and testers). The book describes how all stakeholders need to be involved in the creation of a product's specification. How you get involved will depend on your skills, your other time commitments, and a host of other factors - but the involvement of all concerned is essential. So, whether you come up with the words, do the typing, or provide constructive feedback, you will find this book indispensable.
This is the second in the BDD Books series that will guide you through the entire development process, including specific technical practices needed to successfully drive development using collaboratively-authored specifications and living documentation.
There is a Slack channel where topics arising from the BDD Books series can be discussed. First you’ll need to join the Cucumber Community Slack workspace (if you haven’t already). Then join the #bdd-books-discussion channel.
About the Authors
Bundles that include this book
Table of Contents
- Foreword by Angie Jones
- Foreword by Daniel Terhorst-North
-
Preface
- The WIMP project
- Who this book is for
- Why you should read this book
- How to read this book
- Rules and examples
- BDD needs skilled testers
- Why you should listen to us
- Online resources
- Acknowledgments
-
Chapter 1 – What is formulation?
- 1.1 – Where does formulation fit into BDD?
- 1.2 – Shared understanding
- 1.3 – Two types of scenarios
- 1.4 – Many formats
- 1.5 – Gherkin overview
- 1.6 – Living documentation
- 1.7 – What we just learned
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Chapter 2 – Cleaning up an old scenario
- 2.1 – The old scenario
- 2.2 – Keep your scenarios BRIEF
- 2.3 – Using example maps to provide focus
- 2.4 – Document the essence of the behaviour
- 2.5 – Scenarios should read like a specification
- 2.6 – Use real data when it provides clarity
- 2.7 – Communication, not testing
- 2.8 – Illustrative scenarios
- 2.9 – What we just learned
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Chapter 3 – Our first feature
- 3.1 – Feature files
- 3.2 – A sample feature file
- 3.3 – Gherkin basics
- 3.4 – The feature file
- 3.5 – Rules
- 3.6 – Scenario structure
- 3.7 – Multiple contexts
- 3.8 – Keeping context essential
- 3.9 – Is it a Given or a When?
- 3.10 – Multiple outcomes
- 3.11 – Conjunctions always need consideration
- 3.12 – Data tables
- 3.13 – Scenario outlines
- 3.14 – Keep tables readable
- 3.15 – Readable blocks of text
- 3.16 – What we just learned
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Chapter 4 – A new user story
- 4.1 – Restricting customers using a blocklist
- 4.2 – Write it upwards
- 4.3 – Too many cooks
- 4.4 – Quotation marks
- 4.5 – There’s no “I” in “Persona”
- 4.6 – Does repetition matter?
- 4.7 – Readability trumps ease of automation
- 4.8 – Background
- 4.9 – Unformulated examples
- 4.10 – Commenting in feature files
- 4.11 – Setting the context
- 4.12 – Staying focused
- 4.13 – Formulation gets faster
- 4.14 – Incremental specification
- 4.15 – Manual scenarios
- 4.16 – Who does what and when
- 4.17 – What we just learned
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Chapter 5 – Organizing the documentation
- 5.1 – User stories are not the same as features
- 5.2 – Separation of concerns
- 5.3 – Documentation evolves
- 5.4 – Documenting the domain
- 5.5 – Tags are documentation too
- 5.6 – Journey scenarios
- 5.7 – Structuring the living documentation
- 5.8 – Documenting shared features
- 5.9 – Targeted documentation
- 5.10 – What we just learned
-
Chapter 6 – Coping with legacy
- 6.1 – BDD on legacy projects
- 6.2 – Incremental documentation
- 6.3 – Making use of manual test scripts
- 6.4 – What we just learned
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What’s next
- Where we’ve got to
- What’s left to cover
- How else we can help
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Appendices
- Gherkin cheat-sheet
- Gherkin jump-list
- Formulation “smells” jump-list
- Formulated feature files
- Bibliography
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